Žitije Petra Velikog ili Istorija o životu i slavnim delima velikog gospodara i imperatora Petra Prvoga, samodršca cele Rusije, štampana u Veneciji u 2 toma 1772 godine u štampariji Dimitrija Teodosija, naći će se 8. Jula 2008 u ponudi aukcijske kuće Sotheby’s.
Predivno ilustrovano izdanje, objavljeno za vreme vladavine Katarine Velike, ovo delo se može svrstati u seriju radova o istoriji Rusije objavljenih u tom periodu. Poznato je da je Katarina finansirala izdavanje ovakvih knjiga, ali je u ovom slučaju više verovatno da je pomoć stigla od strane ruskog ambasadora u Veneciji Pano Maruzzi-a. Takođe je interesantno napomenuti da datum izdavanja Orfelinove Istorije koincidira sa konstrukcijom ogromne statue Petra Velikog, koja je deo Katarinine promocije modernog i moćnog ruskog carstva čije je temelje upravo postavio Petar Veliki.
Štampar Dimitrije Teodosije (Demetrio Teodosio) je radio za Glikis štampu u Veneciji, pre nego što će otvoriti svoju štampariju uz finansijsku pomoć grčkog trgovca i od 1768. godine ruskog ambasadora u Veneciji Pano Maruzzi-a. Teodosije je uglavnom štampao crkvene knjige namenjene pravoslavnim hrišćanima, ali i druga dela na različitim balkanskim i jermenskom jeziku.
Orfelin je proveo nekoliko godina radeći u štampariji Dimitrija Teodosija (od 1764) i tu je štampao nekoliko svojih dela.
Ovde možete pročitati kompletnu biografiju Zaharije Orfelina >
Povez obe knjige sadrži Kraljevski grb Mađarske što navodi na povezanost sa Marijom Terezijom (vladala 1740-1780), ali je takođe moguće da razlog postojanja grba leži u činjenici da je ovaj primerak bio namenjen upravo njoj.
Žitije Petra Velikog je prvi put objavljeno 1772. godine u štampariji Dimitrija Teodosija, ali bez mapa i ilustracija koje su još uvek bile u izradi (postoje dva različita prva izdanja, jedno sa posvetom i drugo bez posvete).Zatim, izdanje iz 1774. godine je štampano u St. Petersburgu i uređeno od strane Shcherbatova i Troepolskog.
Izdanje koje ovde imamo priliku da vidimo (verovatno nije objavljeno pre 1779. godine) je Venecijanska štampa iz 1772. godine ali sa svim mapama i ilustracijama (prvobitno izdanje iz 1772. je bez mapa i ilustracija) i sa izmenjenim naslovom, umesto Žitije … dodato je Istorija o žitiju …
U aukcijskoj kući Sotheby’s kažu da Žitije spada u veoma retke knjige i da u ruskim bibliotekama ne postoji kompletan primerak. Navode da su uspeli da uđu u trag samo nekolicini primeraka, State Public Historical Library (GPIB) in Moscow poseduje samo prvi tom, Narodna biblioteka u Jagodini poseduje tom 2 i na kraju biblioteka Matice srpske u Novom Sadu (gde je Orfelin umro) poseduje oba toma.
U daljem tekstu navodimo originalne informacije sa sajta aukcijske kuće Sotheby’s
ORFELIN, ZAKHARIYA.
ISTORIYA O ZHITII I SLAVNYKH DELAKH VELIKAGO GOSUDARYA IMPERATORA PETRA PERVAGO SAMODERZHTSA VSEROSSIISKAGO KOT ORUYU S PREDPOLOZHENIEM KRATKOI GEOGRAFICHESKOI I POLITICHESKOI ISTORII O ROSSIISKOM TSARSTVE… CHAST PERVAYA (-VTORAYA) [HISTORY AND LIFE... OF THE GREAT SOVEREIGN EMPEROR PETER THE FIRST... WITH A SHORT GEOGRAPHICAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE... VOLUME ONE (-TWO)]. VENICE: DEMETRIO TEODOSIO, 1772 [1774-1779]
40,000-50,000 GBP
2 volumes, 4to (265 x 179mm.), engraved title-page in each volume, woodcut initials, head- and tailpieces, volume I: engraved frontispiece portrait of Peter the Great, engraved dedication to Catherine the Great (on thicker paper), folding engraved map of the Russian Empire (repaired and encapsulated), folding engraved map of St Petersburg, 11 folding engraved maps and plans, 26 engraved plates (3 folding), volume II: 15 engraved plates (one folding), folding engraved map, contemporary mottled calf, gilt arms of the Holy Roman Empire with the royal arms of Hungary on an inescutcheon on upper covers, royal arms of Hungary on lower covers, gilt border, flat spines gilt with black morocco lettering-pieces, some folding plates torn and repaired (sometimes crudely, but mostly without loss and affecting only some images), occasional slight offsetting, bindings slightly rubbed.
A lavishly illustrated edition of Orfelin’s magisterial history of the life of Peter the Great (1672-1725). Published during the rule of Catherine the Great, this work can be seen as part of a series of works (including Lomonosov’s history of Russia up to the year 1054) aiming at a full historical record of Russia’s past. Catherine financed the publication of many similar works herself, although this particular work is perhaps more likely to have been promoted by the Russian Ambassador to Venice, given the circumstances of its publication (see below). The publication date coincides with the (admittedly lengthy) construction of the gigantic Bronze Horseman statue of Peter the Great, part of Catherine’s international promotion of a modern and powerful Russian state, as begun by Peter himself.
The importance of Orfelin’s work is attested by Pushkin’s use of it; it is thought that Pushkin owned a copy, the first edition, which he made use of while writing his substantial but unfinished history of Peter the Great. In his notes Pushkin mentions Orfelin’s work several times, stating that he has found information there that is not recorded elsewhere.
The printer, Demetrio Teodosio, worked for the Glikis press in Venice before opening his own press through financial support from the Greek merchant Pano Maruzzi, who became Russian Ambassador to Venice in 1768. Teodosio’s press produced works aimed at supporting Orthodox Christianity, as well as secular works (such as this) in various Balkan languages and Armenian. He was the principal Venetian publisher of works in Cyrillic (see Le civilt? del libro e la stampa a Venezia (Padua, 2000), pp. 128-129 and 160-161).
Orfelin (1726-1785) is one of the most noted and respected Serbian writers of all time. He had a wide and varied career, from secretary to the archbishop of Karlovci (Karlowitz) to writer of schoolbooks to engraver to wine maker, and he opened the first print shop in Karlovci in 1749. He spent several years (from 1764 onwards) working in Teodosio’s print shop, editing and proofreading, and Teodosio printed several works of Orfelin’s. By 1770 he was back in Karlovci, and in 1777 he was commissioned to produce a book of calligraphy for the Serbian regions of the Holy Roman Empire. He openly criticised the way he was told to carry this out, resulting in his fall from favour and an impoverished exile. Orfelin claimed to be an autodidact, but his prodigious learning (along with his very extensive library of books, maps and prints in Russian and many western European languages) makes this claim reasonably unlikely.
The binding on this volume, containing the royal arms of Hungary, implies a connection with the Empress Maria Theresa (ruled 1740-1780), whose patronage Orfelin enjoyed before his fall from favour. It may well have been intended as a presentation copy to her.
Zaharija Orfelin “Žitije Petra Velikog”
Orfelin’s history of Peter the Great was first published by Teodosio in 1772, but without the maps and plates, which were still being engraved by Orfelin himself (there are two issues of this first edition, the first with the dedication, the second without). The 1774 edition (with some plates) was printed in St Petersburg at the Imperial Academy of Sciences and edited by Shcherbatov and Troepolskoi. The present edition (probably not issued until 1779) contains the 1772 Venice printing of the text but with all the maps and plates added, and with a cancel title-page (extending the title from Zhitie… to Istoriya o zhitii… and omitting “con licenza de’ superiori” from the imprint). Some of the maps were published separately in an atlas in Pest in about 1827.
very rare: there is no complete copy in a russian library. We have only been able to trace a few copies: the State Public Historical Library (GPIB) in Moscow holds volume 1 only, the Public Library of Jagodina holds volume 2 only (miscatalogued as the first edition but with the maps and plates from the third edition, and with the frontispiece from volume 1), and both volumes are held by the Matica Srpska Library in Novi Sad, where Orfelin died.
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